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Pax, Goddess of Peace
June 6, 2014
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The Roman goddess Pax is in charge of peace. When I think of Romans the first words that come to my mind are army, Latin, and empire. We did not translate Latin peace poems in school. We studied the Gallic Wars. We think of Roman soldiers at the crucifixion of Jesus, and building aqueducts and roads to Rome. They were strategists and conquerers the likes of which the world had never seen, and some might argue we have not seen since. They were organized. They believed in slavery and blood sports. They are famous for gluttony and excess. The United States is often compared to the Roman empire for some pretty obvious reasons.
Celebrations were a big part of Roman culture, and Pax has three holidays a year dedicated to her. The olive branch, a symbol of protection, safety, and peace was used to crown citizens’ heads for this holiday. She is the daughter of Justice and Jupiter. She is often depicted with a cornucopia, a symbol of abundance. The Romans believed that prosperity and peace reside together and depend on each other. The days dedicated to honoring Pax included processions, music, poetry, and olive branches for everyone. Today when we march for peace we are actually expressing anti-war ideals. We stop short of truly giving honor to the power of peace. The Romans managed to conquer the known world and hold processions for peace at the same time. If we look deeply into our current ideas about peace we might notice that we mean peace on our own terms, or peace by conquest of our enemies. This is a core issue that could shatter our empire.
Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
March 2, 2014
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Elisabeth of Tirol
Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol was a Queen of Germany whose husband was murdered by his nephew. After his murder she joined a monastery.
Consort Elisabeth the Romans Carinthia (1263 – 1313)
is my 19th great grandmother
Albrecht Albert II ‘The Wise’ Duke of Austria Habsburg (1298 – 1358)
son of Consort Elisabeth the Romans Carinthia
Leopold III “Duke of Austria” Habsburg (1351 – 1386)
son of Albrecht Albert II ‘The Wise’ Duke of Austria Habsburg
Ernst I “Ironside” Archduke of Austria Habsburg (1377 – 1424)
son of Leopold III “Duke of Austria” Habsburg
Katharina Archduchess Austria Von Habsburg (1420 – 1493)
daughter of Ernst I “Ironside” Archduke of Austria Habsburg
Christof I VanBaden (1453 – 1527)
son of Katharina Archduchess Austria Von Habsburg
Beatrix Zahringen (1492 – 1535)
daughter of Christof I VanBaden
Sabine Grafin VonSimmern (1528 – 1578)
daughter of Beatrix Zahringen
Marie L Egmond (1564 – 1584)
daughter of Sabine Grafin VonSimmern
Richard Sears (1590 – 1676)
son of Marie L Egmond
Silas Sears (1638 – 1697)
son of Richard Sears
Silas Sears (1661 – 1732)
son of Silas Sears
Sarah Sears (1697 – 1785)
daughter of Silas Sears
Sarah Hamblin (1721 – 1814)
daughter of Sarah Sears
Mercy Hazen (1747 – 1819)
daughter of Sarah Hamblin
Martha Mead (1784 – 1860)
daughter of Mercy Hazen
Abner Morse (1808 – 1838)
son of Martha Mead
Daniel Rowland Morse (1838 – 1910)
son of Abner Morse
Jason A Morse (1862 – 1932)
son of Daniel Rowland Morse
Ernest Abner Morse (1890 – 1965)
son of Jason A Morse
Richard Arden Morse (1920 – 2004)
son of Ernest Abner Morse
Pamela Morse
I am the daughter of Richard Arden Morse
Tenure
1299-1 May 1308
Spouse
Albert I of Germany
Issue
Rudolph I of Bohemia
Frederick the Fair
Leopold I, Duke of Austria
Albert II, Duke of Austria
Otto, Duke of Austria
Anna, Duchess of Breig
Agnes, Queen of Hungary
Elisabeth, Duchess of Lorraine
Catherine, Duchess of Calabria
Judith, Countess of Öttingen
House
House of Habsburg
Father
Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia
Mother
Elisabeth of Bavaria
Born
c.1262
Died
28 October 1312
Monastery of Königsfelden
Burial
Monastery of Königsfelden
Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol (c. 1262 – 28 October 1312 was Queen of the Romans, Queen of Germany and Duchess of Austria by marriage. She is also known as Elisabeth of Tirol.
Family
She was the eldest daughter of Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia, Count of Gorizia and Tyrol.
Her mother was Elisabeth of Bavaria, daughter of Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria and his wife Agnes, herself daughter of Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Agnes of Hohenstaufen. Her mother was also the widow of Conrad IV of Germany. Therefore, the young Elisabeth was a half-sister of Conradin, King of Jerusalem and Duke of Swabia.
Marriage
She was married in Vienna on 20 December 1274 to the future Albert I of Germany, one of the founders of the House of Habsburg, thus becoming daughter-in-law of the King of the Romans. Her husband, then a Count of Habsburg, was invested as Duke of Austria and Styria in December 1282 by his father King Rudolf. They solidified their rule in what was to become the Habsburg patrimony, also with the help of Elisabeth’s father who in his turn in 1286 was created Duke of Carinthia.
Elisabeth was in fact better connected to powerful German rulers than her husband: a descendant of earlier kings, for example Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, she was also a niece of dukes of Bavaria [1], Austria’s important neighbours.
In 1298, her husband was finally elected king upon the end of the reign of Adolf of Nassau. In 1299 she was Nuremberg was crowned Queen of Germany and the Romans. Her husband was murdered on 1 May 1308 by his nephew John “the Parricide” in Windisch, located in modern-day Switzerland.
After the murder of her husband, Elisabeth joined the monastery of Königsfelden were she died 28 October 1312 and was later buried.
Elisabeth was a shrewd and enterprising woman who had some commercial talents. The construction of the Saline plant in Salzkammergut goes back to her suggestion.
Their children were:
Rudolph III (ca. 1282–4 July 1307, Horazdiowitz), Married but line extinct and predeceased his father.
Frederick I (1289–13 January 1330, Gutenstein). Married but line extinct.
Leopold I (4 August 1290–28 February 1326, Strassburg).
Albert II (12 December 1298, Vienna–20 July 1358, Vienna).
Heinrich (1299–3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur). Married but line extinct.
Meinhard, 1300 died young.
Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna–26 February 1339, Vienna). Married but line extinct.
Anna 1280?, Vienna–19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
in Graz ca. 1295 to Margrave Hermann of Brandenburg;
in Breslau 1310 to Duke Heinrich VI of Breslau.
Agnes (18 May 1281–10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
Elisabeth (d. 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.
Catherine (1295–18 January 1323, Naples), married 1316 Charles, Duke of Calabria.
Jutta (d. 1329), married in Baden 26 March 1319 Count Ludwig VI of Öttingen.
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