Thomas DeHoland, 18th and 19th Great Grandfather

March 15, 2014 — 1 Comment

Thomas DeHoland

Battle of Najera

Richard II deeding Aquitaine to Lancaster

Thomas Deholand is my ancestor on both sides of my family. My maternal line looks like this:

Thomas DeHoland (1350 – 1397)
is my maternal 18th great grandfather
Edmund Holland (1383 – 1408)
son of Thomas DeHoland
Eleanor DeHoland (1405 – 1452)
daughter of Edmund Holland
Ann Touchet (1441 – 1503)
daughter of Eleanor DeHoland
Anna Dutton (1449 – 1520)
daughter of Ann Touchet
Lawrence Castellan of Liverpool Mollenaux (1490 – 1550)
son of Anna Dutton
John Mollenax (1542 – 1583)
son of Lawrence Castellan of Liverpool Mollenaux
Mary Mollenax (1559 – 1575)
daughter of John Mollenax
Francis Gabriell Holland (1596 – 1660)
son of Mary Mollenax
John Holland (1628 – 1710)
son of Francis Gabriell Holland
Mary Elizabeth Holland (1620 – 1681)
daughter of John Holland
Richard Dearden (1645 – 1747)
son of Mary Elizabeth Holland
George Dearden (1705 – 1749)
son of Richard Dearden
George Darden (1734 – 1807)
son of George Dearden
David Darden (1770 – 1820)
son of George Darden
Minerva Truly Darden (1806 – 1837)
daughter of David Darden
Sarah E Hughes (1829 – 1911)
daughter of Minerva Truly Darden
Lucinda Jane Armer (1847 – 1939)
daughter of Sarah E Hughes
George Harvey Taylor (1884 – 1941)
son of Lucinda Jane Armer
Ruby Lee Taylor (1922 – 2008)
daughter of George Harvey Taylor
Pamela Morse
I am the daughter of Ruby Lee Taylor

Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (1350–April 25, 1397) was an English nobleman and a councillor of his half-brother Richard II.Thomas was the son of Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent and Joan of Kent. His mother was a daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent and Margaret Wake. Edmund was in turn a son of Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France, and thus a younger half-brother of Edward II of England.
When his father died in 1360 Thomas became Baron Holand. His mother was still Countess of Kent in her own right. At sixteen, in 1366, Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine. He fought in various campaigns over the following years, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1375.
Richard II became king in 1377, and soon Holland acquired great influence over his younger half-brother, which he used for his own enrichment. In 1381 he was created Earl of Kent.

Marriage and issue
Holland married Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, and Eleanor of Lancaster. They had eight children:
Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, who succeeded him
Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent, married Constance of York
John Holland
Joan Holland, married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
Alianore Holland, married first Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March and second Edward Cherleton, 5th Baron Cherleton
Margaret Holland, married first John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and second Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence
Elizabeth Holland, married Sir John Neville (eldest son of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmoreland)
Eleanor Holland, married Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury
Through the marriages of his daughters, he became the ancestor of many of the prominent figures in the Wars of the Roses, including Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Warwick the Kingmaker

Military career

At sixteen, in 1366, Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine. Over the next decade he fought in various campaigns, including the Battle of Nájera, under the command of his stepfather Edward, the Black Prince. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1375.

Order of the Garter

The Battle of Nájera, a k a the Battle of Navarrete, 3 April 1367

Fo ught between an Anglo-Gascon army and Franco- Castilian forces near Nájera, in the province of La Rioja, Castile. The English were led by Edward, the Black Prince, and John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, allied with Peter of Castile (sometimes called “Peter the Cruel”) against his brother Henry of Trastámara (Spanish: Enrique II).

Peter and Henry had been in armed conflict, the Castilian Civil War, for some time before the intervention of foreign powers was sought. Peter begged assistance from the Black Prince in Bordeaux to restore him to his throne. James IV of Majorca also agreed to support Peter.

History

With 24,000 men, the Anglo-Gascon army marched south from Aquitaine and crossed the river Ebro at Logroño. They took control of the fortified village of Navarrete and continued towards Nájera to face Henry’s Franco-Castilian army, the latter’s strength being 60,000. Despite the large size of his army, Henry’s commander, Bertrand du Guesclin was later reported to have been reluctant to face the English in a pitched battle, but he was overruled.

The battle began with the English longbowmen gaining dominance over the French archers. Then, the English vanguard, led by Sir John Chandos and the Duke of Lancaster, attacked the French mercenaries commanded by Du Guesclin and Arnoul D’Audrehem. The chronicler Froissart gives detailed information about the participants in the battle.

Under the pennon of St. George, and attached to the banner of Sir John Chandos, were the free companies, who had in the whole twelve hundred streamers. Among them were good and hardy knights and squires, whose courage was proof; namely, Sir Robert Cheney, Sir Perducas d’Albret, Robert Briquet, Sir Garsis du Chastel, Sir Gaillard Viguier, Sir John Charnels, Nandon de Bagerant, Aymemon d’Ortige, Perrot de Savoye, le bourg Camus, le bourg de l’Esparre, le bourg de Breteuil, Espiote, and several others.

Th e Castilian cavalry, under heavy arrow fire from the English longbowmen, fled early, leaving Henry’s battle exposed to attack from the mounted English rearguard. The Franco-Castilian army disintegrated and retreated, pursued by the English, back to the bank of the river Najerilla. Du Guesclin was captured, but Henry escaped and fled.

Peter and the English completely routed Henry and the French, inflicting heavy losses. Unlike at other battles of the Hundred Years’ War, at Nájera it was the English who were attacking dismounted French troops. As with many other battles of the period, the English longbow proved a significant advantage, probably for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. However, the battle was of dubious long-term significance as Peter and the Black Prince fell out over money, and Peter was not able to maintain his rule for long without foreign support.

References

Sir John Froissart; Translated from the French by Thomas Johnes. Chronicles of England, France and Spain and the Surrounding Countries. London 1808

My paternal connection to Sir Thomas looks like this:

Sir Thomas Holand Knight deHolland (1350 – 1397)